本文将结合实例，讲解如何使用PHP+Mysql完成注册帐号、发送激活邮件、验证激活帐号、处理URL链接过期的功能。
业务流程
1、用户提交注册信息。
2、写入数据库，此时帐号状态未激活。
3、将用户名密码或其他标识字符加密构造成激活识别码（你也可以叫激活码）。
4、将构造好的激活识别码组成URL发送到用户提交的邮箱。
5、用户登录邮箱并点击URL，进行激活。
6、验证激活识别码，如果正确则激活帐号。
准备数据表
用户信息表中字段Email很重要，它可以用来验证用户、找回密码、甚至对网站方来说可以用来收集用户信息进行Email营销，以下是用户信息表t_user的表结构：
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t_user` ( `id` int(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">11</span>) NOT <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">NULL</span> AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` varchar(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">30</span>) NOT <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">NULL</span> COMMENT <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'用户名'</span>, `password` varchar(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">32</span>) NOT <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">NULL</span> COMMENT <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'密码'</span>, `email` varchar(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">30</span>) NOT <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">NULL</span> COMMENT <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'邮箱'</span>, `token` varchar(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">50</span>) NOT <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">NULL</span> COMMENT <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'帐号激活码'</span>, `token_exptime` int(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">10</span>) NOT <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">NULL</span> COMMENT <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'激活码有效期'</span>, `status` tinyint(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">1</span>) NOT <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">NULL</span> DEFAULT <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'0'</span> COMMENT <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'状态,0-未激活,1-已激活'</span>, `regtime` int(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">10</span>) NOT <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">NULL</span> COMMENT <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'注册时间'</span>, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; |
HTML
在页面中放置一个注册表单，用户可以输入注册信息，包括用户名、密码和邮箱。
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<span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><form</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">id</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"reg"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">action</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"register.php"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">method</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"post"</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span> <span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><p</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span>用户名：<span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><input</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">type</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"text"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">class</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"input"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">name</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"username"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">id</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"user"</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span><span class="html__tag_end" style="color: navy;"></p></span> <span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><p</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span>密 码：<span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><input</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">type</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"password"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">class</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"input"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">name</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"password"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">id</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"pass"</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span><span class="html__tag_end" style="color: navy;"></p></span> <span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><p</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span>E-mail：<span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><input</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">type</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"text"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">class</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"input"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">name</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"email"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">id</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"email"</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span><span class="html__tag_end" style="color: navy;"></p></span> <span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><p</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;"><input</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">type</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"submit"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">class</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"btn"</span> <span class="html__attr_name" style="color: green;">value</span>=<span class="html__attr_value" style="color: maroon;">"提交注册"</span><span class="html__tag_start" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">></span><span class="html__tag_end" style="color: navy;"></p></span> <span class="html__tag_end" style="color: navy;"></form></span> |
对于用户的输入要进行必要的前端验证，关于表单验证功能，建议您参考本站文章：实例讲解表单验证插件Validation的应用，本文对前端验证代码略过，另外其实页面中还应该有个要求用户重复输入密码的输入框，一时偷懒就此略过。
register.php
用户将注册信息提交到register.php进行处理。register.php需要完成写入数据和发送邮件两大功能。
首先包含必要的两个文件，connect.php和smtp.class.php，这两个文件在外面提供的下载包里有，欢迎下载。
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<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">include_once</span>(<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"connect.php"</span>);<span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//连接数据库</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">include_once</span>(<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"smtp.class.php"</span>);<span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//邮件发送类</span> |
然后我们要过滤用户提交的信息，并验证用户名是否存在（前端也可以验证）。
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<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">username</span> = stripslashes(trim(<span class="php__global" style="color: red;">$_POST</span>[<span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'username'</span>])); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">query</span> = mysql_query(<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"select id from t_user where username='$username'"</span>); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">num</span> = mysql_num_rows(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">query</span>); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">if</span>(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">num</span>==<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">1</span>){ <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">echo</span> <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'用户名已存在，请换个其他的用户名'</span>; <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">exit</span>; } |
接着我们将用户密码加密，构造激活识别码：
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<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">password</span> = md5(trim(<span class="php__global" style="color: red;">$_POST</span>[<span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'password'</span>])); <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//加密密码</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">email</span> = trim(<span class="php__global" style="color: red;">$_POST</span>[<span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'email'</span>]); <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//邮箱</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">regtime</span> = time(); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">token</span> = md5(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">username</span>.<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">password</span>.<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">regtime</span>); <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//创建用于激活识别码</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">token_exptime</span> = time()+<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">60</span>*<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">60</span>*<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">24</span>;<span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//过期时间为24小时后</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">sql</span> = <span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"insert into `t_user` (`username`,`password`,`email`,`token`,`token_exptime`,`regtime`) values ('$username','$password','$email','$token','$token_exptime','$regtime')"</span>; mysql_query(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">sql</span>); |
上述代码中，$token即构造好的激活识别码，它是由用户名、密码和当前时间组成并md5加密得来的。$token_exptime用于设置激活链接URL的过期时间，用户在这个时间段内可以激活帐号，本例设置的是24小时内激活有效。最后将这些字段插入到数据表t_user中。
当数据插入成功后，调用邮件发送类将激活信息发送给用户注册的邮箱，注意将构造好的激活识别码组成一个完整的URL作为用户点击时的激活链接，以下是详细代码：
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<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">if</span>(mysql_insert_id()){ <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpserver</span> = <span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">""</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//SMTP服务器，如：smtp.163.com</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpserverport</span> = <span class="php__number" style="color: red;">25</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//SMTP服务器端口，一般为25</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpusermail</span> = <span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">""</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//SMTP服务器的用户邮箱，如xxx@163.com</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpuser</span> = <span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">""</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//SMTP服务器的用户帐号xxx@163.com</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtppass</span> = <span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">""</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//SMTP服务器的用户密码</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtp</span> = <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">new</span> Smtp(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpserver</span>, <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpserverport</span>, <span class="php__value" style="font-weight: bold; color: gray;">true</span>, <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpuser</span>, <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtppass</span>); <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//实例化邮件类</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">emailtype</span> = <span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"HTML"</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//信件类型，文本:text；网页：HTML</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpemailto</span> = <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">email</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//接收邮件方，本例为注册用户的Email</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpemailfrom</span> = <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpusermail</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//发送邮件方，如xxx@163.com</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">emailsubject</span> = <span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"用户帐号激活"</span>;<span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//邮件标题</span> <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//邮件主体内容</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">emailbody</span> = <span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"亲爱的"</span>.<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">username</span>.<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"：<br/>感谢您在我站注册了新帐号。<br/>请点击链接激活您的帐号。<br/> <a href='http://www.helloweba.com/demo/register/active.php?verify="</span>.<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">token</span>.<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"' target= '_blank'>http://www.helloweba.com/demo/register/active.php?verify="</span>.<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">token</span>.<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"</a><br/> 如果以上链接无法点击，请将它复制到你的浏览器地址栏中进入访问，该链接24小时内有效。"</span>; <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//发送邮件</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">rs</span> = <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtp</span>->sendmail(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpemailto</span>, <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">smtpemailfrom</span>, <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">emailsubject</span>, <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">emailbody</span>, <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">emailtype</span>); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">if</span>(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">rs</span>==<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">1</span>){ <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">msg</span> = <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'恭喜您，注册成功！<br/>请登录到您的邮箱及时激活您的帐号！'</span>; }<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">else</span>{ <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">msg</span> = <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">rs</span>; } } <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">echo</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">msg</span>; |
还有一个相当好用且强大的邮件发送类分享个大家：使用PHPMailer发送带附件并支持HTML内容的邮件，直接可以用哦。
active.php
如果不出意外，您注册帐号时填写的Email将收到一封helloweba发送的邮件，这个时候您直接点击激活链接，交由active.php处理。
active.php接收提交的链接信息，获取参数verify的值，即激活识别码。将它与数据表中的用户信息进行查询对比，如果有相应的数据集，判断是否过期，如果在有效期内则将对应的用户表中字段status设置1，即已激活，这样就完成了激活功能。
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<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">include_once</span>(<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"connect.php"</span>);<span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//连接数据库</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">verify</span> = stripslashes(trim(<span class="php__global" style="color: red;">$_GET</span>[<span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'verify'</span>])); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">nowtime</span> = time(); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">query</span> = mysql_query(<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"select id,token_exptime from t_user where status='0' and `token`='$verify'"</span>); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">row</span> = mysql_fetch_array(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">query</span>); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">if</span>(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">row</span>){ <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">if</span>(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">nowtime</span>><span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">row</span>[<span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'token_exptime'</span>]){ <span class="php__com" style="color: green;">//24hour</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">msg</span> = <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'您的激活有效期已过，请登录您的帐号重新发送激活邮件.'</span>; }<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">else</span>{ mysql_query(<span class="php__string2" style="color: fuchsia;">"update t_user set status=1 where id="</span>.<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">row</span>[<span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'id'</span>]); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">if</span>(mysql_affected_rows(<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">link</span>)!=<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">1</span>) <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">die</span>(<span class="php__number" style="color: red;">0</span>); <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">msg</span> = <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'激活成功！'</span>; } }<span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">else</span>{ <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">msg</span> = <span class="php__string1" style="color: purple;">'error.'</span>; } <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">echo</span> <span class="php__keyword" style="font-weight: bold; color: navy;">$</span><span class="php__variable" style="color: #4040c2;">msg</span>; |
激活成功后，发现token字段并没有用处了，您可以清空。接下来我们会讲解用户找回密码的功能，也要用到邮箱验证，敬请关注。
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